Internal-combustion engine



M. E. STOCKWELL.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLI ATION FILED MAR. 12, 1919.

Patented June 8, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

wax/046% MIL LARD E. STOCKWELL, OF MON ROVIA, CALIFORNIA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 8, 1920.

Application filed Mar ch 12, 19 19. Serial No. 283,279.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MIL'LARD E. STooK-- WELL, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and a resident of Monrovia, in the county of Los Angeles andState of Califorma, have invented new and useful Improvements inInternal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relatesto improvements-1n engines of the internalcombustion type and adapted to employ air, gas, oil, or other fuels, andan object of this invention is to provide an engine capable of operatingas a two cycle engine but employing practically the four cycleprinciple.

It is also an object of this invention to provide an engine in which anaugmented impulse is had upon each working stroke of the main piston,secondary or auxiliary impulses being supplied by heating secondarycharges of suitable elements, such as air,

or other expansive elements during the working stroke.

-It is a further object to provide in an in ternal combustion engine amain, or firing cylinder capable of utilizing gas, or other suitablefuels, for imparting the primary impulse to the main piston therein, and

auxiliary cylinders and pistons for com pressing other elements such asair and adapted to be delivered at timed intervals to the firingcylinder for imparting additionalv impulses to the main piston.

It is a further object to provide in an engine of the character,referred to a main cylinder and an auxiliary cylinder of greater areathan said main cylinder, with suitable connections and having separatepistons operated from a common crank shaft, whereby the main cylindermay be charged with a suitable fuel for imparting an initial 1mpulse tothe piston therein and another element, air for instance, may becompressed in the auxiliary cylinder and delivered to said main cylinderfor imparting additional impulse to the main piston.

Another-object is to provide a two cycle compound internal combustionengine adapted to use any kind of suitable fuel or elements and adaptedto be cooled by air or water, provided with a substantially long strokeand utilizing the well known principle of the steam engine in which thepiston is followed with an expansive element after the initial movement.It will be understood that in any internal combustion engine, the

force exerted on the pistons constantly decreases as the piston nearsthe end of its travel, for the reason thatthe expansion of as the gasassumes its normal'state. It is an object, therefore, in this invention,to provide means for supplying a substantially constant force forapplication to the piston in the main cylinder subsequent to theexplosion in order that a greater efliciency may be had in theoperation. Other objects may appear as the description progresses.

My invention comprises certain novel features, details and arrangementsof parts as will be hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this application:

Figure 1 is asectional elevation of my improved engine, with the pistonsshown at the first quarter of a stroke;

Fig. 2 is a'diagram of the same with the pistons shown at the secondquarter of a stroke;

Fig. 3 is a shown at the third quarter of a stroke;

Fig. 4 is a plan of my engine;

Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional elevation of the same; V

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary side view of the auxiliary cylinder head;

F 7 is a plan of the main cylinder head;

Fig. 8 isa transverse sectional plan of the'main' cylinder.

like diagram with thepistons The engine forming the subject matter ofthe present invention is designed to afford a ments so as to actuate theauxiliary pistons.

The engine is also designed to impart a primary impulse and then asecondary impulse which is effective in turning the crank shaft at thetime when the crank or cranks are traveling through their are ofgreatest leverage. I Y

In every instance the auxiliary charges.

of compressed elements are expanded by the heated products from the maincylinder, regardless of whether the said heated prod ucts are heated byexplosions or by comparts'of my engine are mounted, and 2, 2 areremovable ends therefor which are held charges of angtlrer element whenmoving in an opposite direction.

In the drawings, which I will now describe in detail, 1 is a suitablecrank case which forms a base upon which the several by means of bolts3, 3-, etc., in alined positions on the opposite ends of the crank case1 and have bearings 4, 4 therein for rotatably supporting a crank 5.

In theform of engine shown, known as the V type motor, a duplex primarycylinder C is mounted at an angle of about 45 degrees on oneside of thecrank case, and

is composed of two separate portions 8 and 9, the lower end of part 8being attached by bolts 6, 6, etc., to the crank case 1, and the upperpart 9 being attached to the part 8 by means of bolts 10, 10, etc.,through flanges 11 and 12, on the parts 8 and 9, respectively. Upperpart 9 has a head 13 attached thereto by means of bolts 14, 14,

etc, and a plurality of annular ribs 15, 15,

etc., are provided on part 9 for cooling the cylinder during theoperation of the engine.

A primary piston P is provided in primary cylinder C and has an enlargedlower portion 16 which operates in the enlarged lower part 8 of saidcylinder and a reduced portion, or head, 17 which operates in thereduced part 90f said cylinder, both upper and lower portions beingprovided with suitable rings 18 and 18, respectively, as shown.

Piston P is connected with the central offset portion 19 of the crank 5by means of a suitable connecting rod 20 and a fuel pipe 21 is connectedwith the upper end of cylinder part 8 and is adapted to lead to acarbureter or generating valve, not shown, by means of which a suitablefuel may be supplied primarily to part 8 of the cylinder.

The head 13 of the cylinder C has a fuel inlet chamber 22formed integraltherewith and above the top thereof, which is connected by means of apipe 23 with the cylinder part 8, a check valve 24 being interposed insaid pipe for preventing a return or back pressure forcing the elementstransported through said pipe to the point of origination. A valve 25 ispositioned in the head 13 at the bottom of inlet chamber 22 and isadapted to be held normally closed bymeans of a spring 26 which iscarried on the stem 27 thereof. said stem being slidably held in a boss28 formed on the head 13. One ormore spark plugs 29 may be. threadedinto the head 13 and extended into the combustion chamber of cylinderpart I 9, as shown, or an electric burner may be employed with certainclasses of fuel, such as oil, or when air is to be heated for'opcratingthe primary piston P.

valve 34, which is held normally closed by bolts 32. An inlet chamber 33is formed on the top of head 31 and is provided with a I.

means of a spring 35 carried on its stem 36, I

said stem being slidably held in a boss 37 formed on the head 31.Chamber 33 is connected by means of a pipe 38, with the interior, of thecrank case 1 and by means of a pipe 39, a port 40 in cylinder-A isconnected with a port 41 in cylinder C. An

auxiliary piston 42 having rings 43 is slidably held in cylinder A andisvoperably connected by means of a connecting rod 44 with the portion19 of the crank shaft 5, the

crank end of said connecting rod being bifurcated for receiving thecrank end of connecting rod 20 between the bifurcations thereof, asshown.

An air inlet pipe 45 is connected with one end of the crank case 1, anda check valve 46 of suitable design is provided thereon, so that duringthe operation of the pistons air may be drawn into the crank case 1through said valve, while on reverse strokes of the pistons said valvewill prevent the emission of the air therefrom, for purposes 7 to behereinafter described.

In operation, the primary piston P on its initial down stroke willinduce a flow of gas, or other fuel into the cylinder part 8 throughpipe 21 and at the same time piston 42 will induce a flow of air fromthe crank case 1 through pipe 38 into the upper end of cylinder A. Onthe up-stroke of piston P, the charge of gas or fuel in part 8 ofcylinder C will be forced through pipe 23 and inlet chamber 22 into theupper end of cylinder part 9, check valve 24 serving for the purpose ofretaining the charge and valve 25 in head 13 being open for admittingthe gas to cylinder C. The gas is then compressed further in portion 9of cylinder C and fired by means of the spark plugs 29, whereuponpistonP is again moved downward on a power stroke, while piston 42 incylinder A is continued in its upward movement and compresses a volumeof air from the crank case 1. which has been drawn thereinto on the downstroke.

\Vhen. the crank and pistons are set at the first quarter of a stroke,as shown in Fig. 1, piston P will have had an initial movement 70 On theopposite side of crank case 1, from caused by the expansion of theheated gas I in cylinder C for one half of a complete stroke and piston42 will have attained the end of its compression stroke asshown. At

7 this time and when said pistons are'in the positions stated, thecompressed air from cylinder A vwill begin exhaust through port 40 andpipe 39 into cylinder'C, and as pistons and 42 move downward from saidpositions, the charge of compressed element admitted to. cylinderportion 9 will provide w an additional impulse for piston P and servetocomplete the power stroke of said piston. Port 41 ofportion 9will'remain open until piston P attains the thirdflqua'rter of itsstroke, then it will be again closed, and at this instant, piston 42will'exhau'st tneelements in cylinder A through an exhaust pipe mentofpiston P and each'downward strokeof said piston will draw the chargeinto cylinder C in readiness for further com ression by the up stroke ofthe piston.- ikewise each down stroke of piston 42 will force a chargeof air from the crank case into the inlet chamber of cylinder A and.each up stroke of said .piston will compress said charge and force vthesame at a' predeter mined time into cylinder, C. Thej exhaust from clinder C is through pipe 39 and cylinder X, and exhaust pipe 47, anditwill be seen that both the primary and auxiliary cylinders and the crankcase will be thor-.

- ou'ghly scavenged of consiuned gases at each operation of the pistons.g

lVhile reference has been made in the foregoing description to theemployment of ex plosive elements, it will be apparent that byproportioning the parts of the primary cylinderand piston so as tosecure a very high degree of compression,-that other fuels such as crudeoil, may be employed instead of gasolene or elements which readily mixwith air for forming highly explosive mixtures. It will be understoodthat the specific form and arrangement of parts, except as may have beenparticularly stated, or the formation thereof, may be altered ormodified to suit conditions in difi'erent forms and sizes of enginesandaccording to the kind of fuel used for operating the same, and I do notlimit myself to any particular forms, except as I may be limited by theappended claims.

\Vhat I claim is: 1. An air and gas engine having tandem cylinders, adouble piston operating therein,

an auxiliary cylinder adaptedto be heated by the exhaust from theprincipal cylinder, the double piston being capable of compressingcharges in the principal cylinder and "exhausting into said auxiliarycylinder, the expansion of a said charges operating to impart aplurality of impulses to the said piston upon each working stroke.

2. An engineof the character described, comprising a primary,cylinderhaving firing and compression portions of different diameters,a double piston operating therein, an auxiliary cylinder having a pistontherein, means for imparting an initial impulse vto said primary pistonin said firing cyli inder, a p pe connecting said auxiliarycylinder'withthefiring portion of said prlmary cylinder and arranged sothat an element compressed in said auxiliary cylinder mayv be exhaustedinto said firin imparting a secondary impu se to the primary piston. I

3. An engine having 'a primary tandem cylinder pr0vided with firing andcomprescylinder for sion chambers said firing chamber being arranged toreceive charges fromthe compression chamber and adapted to be heated bythe expanding charges in the firing chaming and compression chambers, anauxiliary 9 0 ber, a duplex piston operating in-said -fi rcylindercommunicating with 'said firing chamber and means in said cylinder forim parting primary and secondary impulsesto the engine.

4. An engine of the character described 1 havinga principal cylinderwith firing and compression chambers therein, an auxiliary cylinderconnected with said firing chamber and adapted to receive theheatedexhaust therefrom, a double piston: operating in said' principalcylinder and adapted to compress charges of fuel in said firing chamber,a piston. in said-auxiliary cylinder, explosives in said firin-gcylinder serving to impart a primary impulse anda compression of anelement in said auxiliary cylinder serving to impart a secondary impulseto said primarypiston. v

5. An internal combustion engine having a primary cylinder provided withtandem firing and compression chambers, a duplex piston operating insaid firing and compressionchambers, anauxiliary cylinder, 9. pistontherein, and means connectin said auxiliary cylinder with the firin camber of said principal cylinder for a ording communicationtherebetween, said primary piston receiving a charge of fuel in saidcompression chamber and discharging the same into said firing cylinder,as set'forth.

-6. An engine of the type described having principal and auxiliarycylinders,-means for charging the principal cylinder with explosivematerials, means for com ressin air in the auxiliary cylinder, means orlea ing the air from the auxiliary cylinder into the principal cylinderbefore the piston in said principal cylinder has completed its c. byadditional work may be accomplished.

. the piston, and a piston moving in the said a principal cylinderandcontrolling the escape of the exhaust into said auxiliary cylinder.

7.' An engine of. the character described having a plurality ofcylinders arranged for communication at's'uitable intervals andincluding a principal cylinder having adjacompression chambers, a

cent firing and primary piston operating in said chambers, a piston saidcrank shaft, and connections between said cylinders and controlledby theopera- 1 prising a tandem primary cylinder having a;

for said other cylinder operated by whereby said crank tion of saidpistons,

of impulses shaft will receive a plurality v 'from'an. initial charge oneveryrevolution,

one of said cylinders being adapted to receive theexhau'st fromtheengine, and means chambers,

i delivery to said operable by'the" force of the exhaust where- 8. .Aninternal combustion engine comprisauxiliary cylinder, a duplexpistonoperating in saidprimary cylinder, said primary cy inder havingtandem means for affording communication between said chambers, meansfor affording communication. between said primary and auxiliarycylinders, a piston in saidauxiliary cylinder for compressing an elementtherein, said duplex piston serving to compress a charge of explosivefuel for primary cylinderand also serving to control the, connectionsbetween said primary and auxiliary cylinders for the P rpose described.

. primary and 9. An internal combustion engine having auxiliarycylinders, a pipe for affording communication therebetween, a

' said nection between said cylinders, and a piston crank case, a pipeconnecting said-auxiliary cylinder with said crank case, a piston inprimary cylinder controlling the. conin said auxiliary cylinder forcompressing an element for delivery to said primary cylinder.

- -10. An, internal combustion engine having I v a tandem cylindercomprising separable sections of different diameter and area, supplymeans connected with the major section thereof, an inlet chamberconnected.

auxiliary cylinders,

fuel

with the minor section thereof and provided spectively, the majorsection of. said pistonreceiving a charge of'an element and supplyingthe same to said minor section, means for heating the element foroperating said piston, an auxiliary cylinder and a duct leading to theminor of saidtandem cylinder, for the purpose set forth,

11. An internal combustion engine comcommon piston therein, an auxiliarycyl1n der connected with said tandem cylinder, a ,piston in saidauxiliary cylinder, a crank shaft commonto said pistons, and connectionsbetween and with said cylinders whereby 'an explosive element may besupplied to said tandem cylinder for imparting an 1ni- I tial impulse tothe piston therein and for compressing a charge of a secondary elementfor delivery to said tandem cylinder for imparting secondary impulses tosaid piston.

12. An internal combustion engine comprising a crank case, a crank shaftmounted therein, a duplex primary cylinder attached to said crank case,an auxiliary cylinder also attached thereto, a primary duplex piston insaid primary cylinder and connected with said crank shaft, a piston insaid auxiliary cylinder and also connected 'with said crank shaft, apipe connecting said crank case with said auxiliary cylinder, a pipeconnecting said primary and auxiliary cylinders, fuel supply means forsaid primary cylinder, and valve means for controlling the supply andexhaust of elements of different character to said primary and as setforth.

Signed at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles, State ofCalifornia, this 6th day of March, 1919.

V MILLARD E. STOCKWELL. In presence-of DWIGHT BRooKs, H. M. BRUNDAGE.

